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Vantage to Pomona Heights Chapter 4 230 kV Transmission Line Project FEIS Environmental Consequences PAGE 4-231 These factors would limit both population increases and demands for long-term rental and owner housing. Increased demand for transient housing (hotels and RV spaces) could be noticeable compared to limited availability in the local area. 4.9.5.4 Government Revenue Local taxes paid due to construction and operation of the facilities will consist of sales and use taxes for materials used in construction, ad valorem property taxes on the value of the facilities, and the Washington Public Utility Tax. In addition, lease payments for rights-of-way (ROWs) on public lands would be made, including to the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the military for use of Joint Base Lewis-McChord Yakima Training Center (JBLM YTC) lands, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), and Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). 4.9.6 Impact Results and Summary by Alternative To consolidate the presentation of data tables, Alternatives A-H, the NNR Alternative with Design Options and MR Subroute, and the No Action Alternative are presented for each segment of socioeconomics. A summary of the impacts of each Alternative is presented in Section 4.9.4.2. 4.9.6.1 No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, the proposed Project would not be constructed or operated. No impacts on socioeconomics would occur. 4.9.6.1 Impacts of Action Alternatives Employment Impacts on employment would be generally very small under any Action Alternative. The impacts of 23.7 to 41.0 direct jobs would transfer, including all ripple effects, to a total of 58.9 to 66.3 jobs for the NNR Alternative and NNR Alternative - MR Subroute, respectively, and a total of 88 jobs for Alternatives A-H based on the IMPLAN analysis. This indicates a relatively high employment multiplier of approximately 2.2. These impacts are displayed in Table 4.9-4. This would be minimal in the context of total employment in the Study Region of about 170,000 persons. Only very minor differences among Alternatives A-H would exist because employment is estimated to vary by so little (40.6 to 41.4 jobs on average for one year). The IMPLAN analysis results are displayed in Table 4.9-4. It is notable that the ripple effects and impact multipliers on employment are relatively high. This is because the relatively high union wages paid to construction workers and accompanying high local spending would create a substantial impact per worker as their expenditures recycle in the Study Region economy. Also, much of the impact would be from spending by itinerant workers in restaurants, hotels, and food stores which pay much lower wages than construction. Thus, a fairly large number of jobs would be supported by a fairly low number of on-site workers. The impacts described in Table 4.9-4 are totals for the overall Study Region. Some differences in impacts among Counties would exist due to the Columbia River which acts to constrict movement between Yakima, Kittitas, and Grant counties. Action Alternatives not involving Grant County (Alternatives B, C, E, and G) would likely result in the bulk of the total Study Region impacts occurring in Yakima and Kittitas counties. The Action Alternatives involving locations in Grant County (Alternatives A, D, F, and H) would likely create greater impacts in Grant County, since nearly half of construction activities and, thus, demand for housing, food, and miscellaneous retail goods would take place in Grant County. Under the NNR Alternative and NNR Alternative - MR Subroute, most of the construction taking place in Kittitas County and with workers most likely living for the longest time in the Ellensburg area, Kittitas County would likely experience the most beneficial impacts.