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Vantage to Pomona Heights Chapter 4 230 kV Transmission Line Project FEIS Environmental Consequences PAGE 4-255 not consistent with the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties and applicable guidelines; • Removal of the property from its historic location; • Change of the character of the property’s use or of physical features within the property's setting that contribute to its historic significance; • Introduction of visual, atmospheric, or audible elements that diminish the integrity of the property's significant historic features; • Neglect of a property which causes its deterioration, except where such neglect and deterioration are recognized qualities of a property of religious and cultural significance to an Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization; and • Transfer, lease, or sale of property out of federal ownership or control without adequate and legally enforceable restrictions or conditions to ensure long-term preservation of the property's historic significance. For the proposed Project, the most likely types of adverse effects are: 1) physical destruction or damage (physical impacts); 2) change in the resource’s character or setting (visual impacts); and 3) the introduction of visual elements that diminish the resource’s integrity (visual impacts). Cultural resources that are eligible to the National Register under Criteria A (event), B (person), or C (distinctive characteristics) may be subject to both physical and visual impacts or effects. Most resources eligible under these three criteria are architectural resources and TCPs; less frequently are they archaeological sites. Cultural resources that are eligible to the National Register only under Criterion D (information) are usually not impacted by visual intrusions because changes in visual setting would not be expected to reduce a cultural resource’s potential to yield information important in prehistory or history. Archaeological sites are usually evaluated under Criterion D and sometimes under A; architectural resources and TCPs are less frequently evaluated under Criterion D. 4.11.1.3 Impact Types Cultural resources within the Project study area could be subject to both direct and indirect impacts; although the nature of impacts would vary depending on whether the proposed transmission line route segment would be overhead or underground. For the proposed Project (all Action Alternatives including the New Northern Route [NNR] Alternative - Overhead Design Option, NNR Alternative-Underground Design Option, or the NNR Alternative with the Manastash Ridge [MR] Subroute), construction would include both short-term or temporary ground disturbance and long-term or permanent ground disturbance (see Chapter 2). Because cultural resources are non-renewable, any ground disturbance, whether short-term or long-term, results in permanent damage to or destruction of the resource. Impacts related to changes in visual setting would be most likely to occur when cultural resources are visually sensitive, including archaeological sites and TCPs with petroglyphs, pictographs, burials, talus pits, rockshelters, and rock features (e.g., cairns, linear alignments). Some types of architectural resources (e.g., an undisturbed cluster of nineteenth century ranch buildings, an isolated building with a distinctive design) could also be visually impacted by the presence of a new transmission line. Indirect physical impacts to cultural resources may occur when public accessibility is increased to a previously remote area because of improved roads. Improved access may lead to increased vandalism at archaeological sites, architectural resources and TCPs. For construction of overhead transmission line route segments, direct physical impacts could result from ground disturbing activities associated with installing single pole and H-frame structures; grading or