Laserfiche WebLink
I <br />dormant root primordia located throughout the length of <br />the stems (Densmore and Zasada 1978; Carlson 1938, <br />1950; Haissig 1970, 1974). <br />Pole cuttings (large diameter unrooted stems) of shrub - <br />type willows are recommended for most plantings from <br />water line to mid -bank. Pole cuttings of tree -type willows <br />and cottonwoods are recommended on upper -banks and <br />floodplains where the water table is relatively deep. Pole <br />cuttings provide an effective means to reach saturated soils <br />and establish a high concentration of roots for that portion <br />of the stem within the moist zone. <br />Pole cuttings have the additional advantage of being <br />relatively inexpensive and easy to harvest and store. They <br />are also easy to plant. High mortality can occasionally <br />occur, but this is somewhat offset by lower cost, ability to <br />rapidly plant large numbers, and ease of replanting the <br />following year. <br />Generally, whips (less than 3/8 inch diameter) are not recommended because energy reserves in the stem <br />are limited and they are more susceptible to cytospora canker, a fungus that causes twig dieback (Biggs et <br />al. 1983; Briggs 1991). <br />Container stock <br />Plugs, conetainers, bare -root, potted, balled and burlap and <br />paper -sleeve planting stock are best when used: <br />*mid -bank to upper -bank or floodplain where long periods of <br />inundation or water erosion are minimized <br />*where adequate moisture is available -- i.e. natural <br />precipitation or irrigation is adequate for species selected <br />*where there is no competing vegetation or a 30" diameter <br />area around plant has the competing vegetation scalped off <br />down to mineral soil at planting time <br />*where plants have a low risk of physically being pulled or <br />eroded out due to shallow rooted systems during <br />establishment <br />Source of Cuttings from Commercial Stock <br />Willows and cottonwoods have been used extensively for riparian rehabilitation because they are easily <br />established from cuttings. Cuttings can sometimes be obtained from commercial nurseries or more <br />commonly from native stands located near rehabilitation sites. When buying cuttings from commercial <br />sources, released varieties of adapted species should always be specified when available. <br />1?j <br />