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Countermeasures <br />A toolbox of engineering countermeasures is <br />included in Appendix J. These countermeasures can <br />serve as a menu of options to help address crash <br />likelihood factors and crash trends identified in <br />Chapter 3 and outlined below. Figure 25 outlines <br />what information is included in the toolbox. Most <br />of the countermeasures have been identified <br />by FHWA as Proven Safety Countermeasures <br />and can be advantageous for use in Highway <br />Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) funding <br />applications. There are also many effective safety <br />countermeasures beyond those listed by FHWA, <br />several of which are included in the toolbox. <br />Proposed Countermeasures <br />for All Locations <br />The maps associated with each priority <br />location (Figures 26–32) identify “short-term” <br />countermeasures intended to relieve concerns while <br />more “long-term” countermeasures are pursued. <br />Short and long-term improvements are intended to <br />work in conjunction with one another over time. <br />These countermeasures are split into either corridor <br />improvements, intersection improvements, or <br />crossing treatments. Highlighted items are FHWA <br />Proven Safety Countermeasures. <br />Cost Levels <br />In each priority location, countermeasure cost <br />estimates are displayed as ranges rather than <br />absolute values to reflect the variability of <br />transportation engineering. These ranges account <br />for differences in site conditions, design complexity, <br />material costs, and implementation logistics that can <br />affect final expenses. By showing a cost range, we <br />provide a more realistic and flexible understanding <br />of potential investment needs. This approach also <br />supports transparency and adaptability during <br />budgeting and prioritization discussions, especially <br />when comparing multiple locations with varying <br />characteristics. Approximate planning-level costs for <br />each countermeasure are outlined in Table 2. <br />Other Reference Information <br />FHWA Manual for Selecting Safety Improvements on High Risk Rural Roads <br />Barrier in the center of the roadway that physically separates <br />opposing vehicular traffic. Median barriers can also help control <br />access to and from side streets and driveways, reducing the <br />number of conflict points. <br />Cost $$$ <br />Low Cost / Quick Build alternative available <br />LRSM ID R03 <br />INTERSECTIONS & ROADWAYS <br />Median Barrier <br />SAFE SYSTEM HIERARCHY <br />Remove Severe <br />Conflicts <br />Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 <br />Countermeasure <br />Description <br />Countermeasure <br />Icon <br />Cost ($ / $$ / $$$) <br />LRSM ID <br />Countermeasure <br />Title <br />Safe System <br />Roadway Design <br />Hierarchy <br />Timeline <br /> ƒNear-Term: Countermeasures to implement <br />within one to three years, as resources allow. <br /> ƒMid-Term: Countermeasures to implement <br />within four to seven years, as resources allow. <br /> ƒLong-Term: Countermeasures to implement <br />in eight or more years, as resources allow. <br />Table 2. Countermeasure Cost Estimates <br />Cost Level Typical Construction Cost <br />$Low Less than $100,000 <br />$$Medium $100,001-$500,000 <br />$$$Moderate $500,001-$1,000,000 <br />$$$$High $1,000,001-$5,000,000 <br />$$$$$Highest More than $5,000,000 <br />Source: SCJ, 2025. <br />Figure 25. Countermeasures Toolbox Example <br />Source: Fehr & Peers, 2024. <br />44Kittitas County | Snoqualmie Pass Comprehensive Safety Plan