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Other Reference Information <br />FHWA Manual for Selecting Safety Improvements on High Risk Rural Roads <br />Widened and paved shoulders, which may also include flattening <br />the slopes along the sides of the roadway, create a separated <br />space for bicyclists, create space for a driver to safely recover if <br />they inadvertently depart the travel lane, and also provide space <br />for inoperable vehicles to pull out of the travel lane. The addition <br />of a paved shoulder to an existing road can help to reduce run- <br />off-road crashes. Benefits can be realized for high-risk rural roads <br />without paved shoulders, regardless of existing lane pavement <br />width. Adding paved shoulders within horizontal curve sections <br />may help agencies maximize the benefits of the treatment while <br />minimizing costs as opposed to adding paved shoulders to an <br />entire corridor. <br />Cost $$ <br />LRSM ID R15 <br />INTERSECTIONS & ROADWAYS <br />SAFE SYSTEM HIERARCHY <br />Remove Severe <br />Conflicts <br />Widen/Pave Shoulder <br />Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 <br />Straightening crosswalks improves sight lines, making <br />pedestrians more visible to oncoming drivers, and may shorten <br />the crossing distance, reducing the length of time required for <br />pedestrians to cross an intersection. <br />Cost $ <br />Low Cost / Quick Build alternative available <br /> <br />INTERSECTIONS & ROADWAYS <br />Increase <br />Attentiveness <br />and Awareness <br />SAFE SYSTEM HIERARCHY <br />Remove Severe <br />Conflicts <br />Straighten Crosswalk <br />Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 <br />Straighten Crosswalk <br />Widen/Pave Shoulder <br />28 Appendix J: Countermeasures Toolbox | Snoqualmie Pass Comprehensive Safety Plan | Kittitas County