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2. Casings may be required for the following conditions: <br />a. As an expediency in the insertion, removal, replacement, or maintenance of <br />a carrier line crossing or other locations where it is necessary in order to <br />avoid open trench construction. <br />b. As protection for carrier lines from external loads or shock either during or <br />after construction of a road. <br />c. For jacked or bored installations of coated carrier lines unless assurance is <br />provided to the county that there will be no damage to the protective <br />coating. <br />3. Within the road right-of-way, where practicable, casing pipes shall extend beyond the <br />toe of fill slopes, back of roadway ditch, or outside of curb. <br />4. Other than for necessary vents and/or drains, casing pipes shall be sealed at both ends. <br />5. Casing pipes shall be designed to support the load of the road and superimposed loads <br />thereon and, as a minimum, shall equal the structural requirements for road drainage <br />facilities. Casings shall be composed of materials of sufficient durability to withstand <br />conditions to which they may normally be exposed. (Ord. 9418 (part), 1994; Ord. 92-30 <br />Exh. A § 6C, 1992. Formerly 12.20.210). <br />12.80.220 Underground utilities - Uncased carriers. <br />1. The carrier pipe shall conform to the material and design requirements of the <br />appropriate utility industry and governmental codes and specifications. <br />2. The carrier pipe shall be designed to support the load of the road, plus superimposed <br />loads thereon, when the pipe is operated under all ranges of pressure from maximum <br />internal to zero pressure. (Ord. 94-18 (part), 1994; Ord. 9230 Exh. A § 6D, 1992. Formerly <br />12.20.220). <br />12.80.230 Underground utilities - Appurtenances. <br />1. Vents shall be required for casings, tunnels and galleries enclosing carriers of fuel where <br />required by federal safety standards. Vent standpipes should be located and <br />constructed so as neither to interfere with maintenance of the road nor to be concealed <br />by vegetation. Preferably standpipes should stand by a fence or on the right-of-way line. <br />2. Drains shall be required for casings, tunnels or galleries enclosing carriers of liquid, <br />liquefied gas, or heavy gas. Drains for carriers of hazardous materials shall be directed to <br />natural or artificial holding areas to prevent the potential for surface or ground water <br />contamination. Drains for which only water or other non -hazardous liquids may <br />discharge may be directed into the roadway ditch or natural water course at locations <br />approved by the county. The drain outfall shall not be used as a wasteway for routine <br />purging of the carrier unless specifically authorized by the county. <br />3. Location markers and emergency information should be used when required by <br />applicable state and federal standards. <br />4. Manholes should be designed and located in a manner that will cause the least <br />interference to other utilities or future road expansion. Where practicable, installations in <br />the pavement or shoulders should be avoided. (Ord. 94-18 (part), 1994; Ord. 92-30 Exh. <br />A § 6E, 1992. Formerly 12.20.230). <br />12.80.240 Underground utilities - Installation. <br />Installations shall ensure safety of traffic and preservation of the roadway structure, and required <br />construction shall, unless otherwise provided in the approved permit, be in accordance with the <br />following controls: <br />