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Backfill <br />Replacement of excavated material with suitable material compacted as specified. <br />Boring <br />Grade and alignment controlled mechanical or other method of installing a pipe or casing <br />under a road without disturbing the surrounding medium. <br />Carrier <br />Pipe directly enclosing a transmitted fluid or gas. <br />Casing <br />A larger pipe enclosing a carrier for the purpose of providing structural or other protection to <br />the carrier and/or to allow for carrier replacement without re -excavation, jacking or boring. <br />Coating <br />Protective material applied to the exterior of a pipe or conduit to prevent or reduce abrasion <br />and/or corrosion damage. <br />Conduit <br />An enclosed tubular runway for protecting wires or cables. <br />Cover <br />Depth to top of pipe, conduit, casing or gallery below the grade of a road or ditch. <br />Drain <br />Appurtenances to discharge accumulated liquids from casings or other enclosures. <br />Encasement <br />Structural element surrounding a pipe or conduit for the purpose of preventing future <br />physical damage to the pipe or conduit. <br />Franchise <br />Occupancy and use document granted by the county required for occupancy of road rights <br />of way in accordance with Chapters 36.55 and 80.32. <br />Gallery <br />Underpass for two or more utility lines. <br />Manhole <br />An opening in an underground utility system into which workers or others may enter for the <br />purpose of making installations, inspections, repairs, connections, cleaning, and testing. <br />Pavement <br />The combination of subbase, base course, and surfacing placed on a subgrade to support the <br />traffic load and distribute it to the subgrade. <br />Permit <br />A document issued under the authority of (1) the County Engineer (or Public Works Director) <br />and/or (2) a franchise granted by the County's legislative authority. The permit provides <br />specific requirements and conditions for specific utility work at specific locations within the <br />right-of-way. <br />Pipe <br />A structural tubular product designed, tested, and produced for the transmittance of specific <br />liquids and gases under specific conditions. <br />Plowing <br />Direct burial of utility lines by means of a 'plow' type mechanism which breaks the ground, <br />places the utility line at a predetermined depth, and closes the break in the ground. <br />Pressure <br />Internal gage pressure in a pipe in pounds per square inch, gage (prig). <br />