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electrification of the automobile industry is expected to slow the demand on crude oil for fuel. <br />While reductions are anticipated in the passenger vehicle arena, transportation of goods across the <br />transportation system is expected to increase demand as electrification of heavy haul trucks is <br />expected to lag behind passenger vehicles. Given the uncertainty of ten -years of crude oil demand, <br />this ten-year TAMP averages the cost per mile of bituminous surface treatment (chip seal) over <br />the previous ten years and applies the cost at an annual increase of two percent for the planning <br />period. <br />Labor costs are anticipated to continue increasing during the study period. Historically, the County <br />has granted payroll increases in the two to three percent range allowing employees to keep up with <br />the cost of inflation. 2021 has seen the rise of inflation into the six percent range for fiscal year <br />2021. Best available financial forecasting suggests a moderation of inflation in 2022 returning to <br />pre-COVID 19 levels in 2023. This plan takes 2022 payroll and increases at a rate of two percent <br />per year over the study period. <br />Equipment costs are highly variable compared from one five-year period to the next. PW manages <br />the heavy construction fleet by placing new equipment into an Equipment Rental and Replacement <br />fund. We essentially rent our equipment back as we use it depositing the rental revenue into a <br />replacement account. Our PRESERVATION practices on heavy equipment allow us to keep older <br />equipment in service well beyond an assumed industry standard life term. Owing to our <br />maintenance practice, equipment costs for the study period are specific to individual equipment <br />that we expect to replace during the study period. <br />Expenses <br />Expenses are derived from the following sources: <br />• Bridge inspection records <br />• Road maintenance records <br />• Equipment costs <br />• Facility costs <br />• Labor costs <br />Detailed costing analysis (and associated project expenses) are provided as an APPENDIX 2 for <br />line -item review. In summary, the following ten-year expenditures by category of expense are <br />summarized below in Table 1. <br />Table 1: 10 -year Forecast Expenditures by Expense Category <br />Period <br />PRESERVATION <br />Maintenance <br />Admin/Operations <br />Other (Equipment <br />capital expense) <br />2022-2031 <br />1 $23,047,891 <br />$48,685,986 <br />$21,844,282 <br />1 $2,189,944 <br />Combined planning period (2022 — 203 1) expenditures total: $95,768,103. <br />Kittitas County Department of Public Works 2022-2032 Transportation Asset Management Plan <br />Janaury 2022: Page 7 <br />