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CHAPTER 11. FLOOD <br />11-20 <br /> <br />Figure 11-5. Historic Flood Insurance Claims by Census Block, 1978 to 2018 <br />Repetitive Loss <br />A repetitive loss property is defined by FEMA as an NFIP-insured property that has experienced any of the <br />following since 1978, regardless of any changes in ownership: <br />• Four or more paid losses in excess of $1,000 <br />• Two paid losses in excess of $1,000 within any rolling 10-year period <br />• Three or more paid losses that equal or exceed the current value of the insured property. <br />Repetitive loss properties make up only 1 to 2 percent of flood insurance policies in force nationally, yet <br />they account for 20 percent of the nation’s flood insurance claims. In 1998, FEMA reported that the NFIP’s <br />75,000 repetitive loss structures have already cost $2.8 billion in flood insurance payments and that <br />numerous other flood-prone structures remain in the floodplain at high risk. The government has instituted <br />programs encouraging communities to identify and mitigate the causes of repetitive losses. A recent report <br />on repetitive losses by the National Wildlife Federation found that 20 percent of these properties are outside <br />any mapped 100-year floodplain. The key identifiers for repetitive loss properties are the existence of flood <br />insurance policies and claims paid by the policies. <br />FEMA-sponsored programs, such as the CRS, require participating communities to identify repetitive loss <br />areas. A repetitive loss area is the portion of a floodplain holding structures that FEMA has identified as