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Other Feasibility Studle& <br />Of studies done of feasibility and/or impact of other horse parks, six are of particular <br />analytic merit: the feasibility and Impact studies for the New Jersey, the.Connecticut. <br />the Texas, and the Maryland horse parks, and the impact stu~ies done on the Virginia <br />and the California horse park. Although the planned and actualized facilities for the <br />New Jersey horse park are considerably smaller that those planned for Washington <br />State, the general model of the study was ccmsidered substantive, as was the model for <br />the Connecticut study. Both are •·bottom-up" studies; that is, they begin with estimates <br />of demand for the faciJity and estimates of charges that can be made for horse park <br />services and proceed to project revenues, costs, and profits. Both studies entailed <br />surveys of regional facilities as a basis for estimating demand. It should be noted that <br />the Intent of the Connecticut group was to build a facility suitable for national events, <br />whereas the New Jersey f~cility was intended primarily as a state and regional facility. <br />As for the Impact components of existing studies, all are based upon a tallying of direct <br />impacts based upon counts of horse/days from which a number of measures are <br />derived: number of persons attending (grooms, exhibitors, and spectators.) Direct <br />impacts are then calculated based upon the expenditures per day of participants. Some <br />of the studies conducted surveys to detem,ine attendance per horse and spending <br />patterns, whereas others. given the close approximation of the survey results, chose to <br />use existing estimates. A similar differentiation among impact ~tudles can be found in <br />the use of multipliers to estimate indirect impacts from direct impacts; indirect impacts <br />result from secondary spending by the recipients of horse park payrolls. expenditures·, <br />expenditures by visitors, as well as from local linkages that provide inputs into the <br />purchases by the horse park and its visitors. The Virginia, Texas, Maryland, and <br />California studies used input.output analysis to derive these multipliers. whereas the <br />other studies used existing estimates of multipliers, or did not-estimate Indirect impacts. <br />18