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64 <br /> <br />IV. PHASES OF A PANDEMIC: <br />PHASE DESCRIPTION MAIN ACTIONS <br />1 No circulating animal <br />influenza virus has been <br />reported to have spread <br />to humans. <br /> <br /> <br />Plan: Develop, exercise, and revise national influenza pandemic <br />preparedness and response plans. <br />Monitor & Assess: Collaborate with other agencies to develop a <br />national surveillance system. <br />Communicate: Communicate real and potential risks of the virus. <br />Reduce Spread of Disease: Promote healthy behaviors in people <br />for self-protection. Plan for the use of vaccines. <br />Health Care Continuity: Prepare the health system to scale up. <br />2 A circulating animal <br />influenza virus can <br />spread to humans and is <br />considered a threat. <br />3 A circulating animal <br />virus has caused disease <br />in some people. <br />4 A community-level <br />outbreak has been <br />verified. <br />Plan: Lead rapid pandemic containment activities to limit the <br />spread of infection. <br />Monitor & Assess: Increase surveillance and share findings. <br />Communicate: Promote and communicate recommended <br />interventions to prevent and reduce risk. <br />Reduce Spread of Disease: Implement rapid pandemic containment <br />operations and other activities. <br />Health Care Continuity: Activate contingency plans. <br />5 The virus has caused <br />community-level <br />outbreaks in two or more <br />countries in one WHO <br />region. <br />Plan: Coordinate and lead resources to reduce overall impacts of <br />the outbreak. <br />Monitor & Assess: Continue surveillance to detect ensuing waves. <br />Communicate: Regularly update the public on any changes to the <br />status of the pandemic. <br />Reduce Spread of Disease: Implement individual, societal, and <br />pharmaceutical measures. <br />Health Care Continuity: Implement contingency plans for health <br />systems at all levels. <br />6 The virus has caused <br />sustained community- <br />level outbreaks in at least <br />one other country in <br />another WHO region. <br />POST <br />PEAK <br />PERIOD <br />Levels of influenza have <br />dropped below peak <br />levels in most countries. <br />Plan: Plan for additional resources for possible future waves. <br />Monitor & Assess: Continue surveillance to detect subsequent <br />waves. <br />Communicate: Regularly update the public on any changes to the <br />status of the pandemic. <br />Reduce Spread of Disease: Evaluate the effectiveness of the <br />measures used to update guidelines and protocols. <br />Health Care Continuity: Rest, restock, revise plans, and rebuild. <br />POST <br />PANDEMIC <br />PERIOD <br /> <br />Levels of influenza have <br />returned to the levels <br />seen for seasonal <br />influenza in most <br />countries. <br />Plan: Review lessons learned. Share experiences. Replenish <br />resources. <br />Monitor & Assess: Evaluate the pandemic characteristics for next <br />time. <br />Communicate: Acknowledge contributions of all communities, <br />communicate the lessons learned. <br />Reduce Spread of Disease: Evaluate all interventions used. <br />Health Care Continuity: Evaluate the response of the health <br />system. Share the lessons learned.