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population of Kittitas County (at 38,000)relative to the region.Again,to be on the <br />conservativeside,we use 3 persons per horse (both padicipants and spectators),and <br />$136 expendituresper person.Although our estimates of spending tend to be low,we <br />find these appropriate in view of the relatively limited options for expenditures in a rural <br />county,coupled with the lower cost of tourism expenditures for motels,restaurants,and <br />entertainmentin a rural area. <br />In impact studies the magnitude of the impact multipliers is wide ranging and far more <br />dependantupon scope of the region under analysis.As for impact of horse parks,the <br />Virginia Horse Center study employed the highly rigorous input-output technique to <br />derive two sets of multipliers,one for the state and one for the immediate horse center <br />area.Table 7 shows output,earnings,and employment multipliers for both Virginia and <br />the immediate area.The output multiplierconverts direct expenditures into output (or <br />value of product),the earnings multiplierconverts expenditures into incomes,and the <br />employmentmultipliers convert spending into a measure of new jobs created.For the <br />state impacts of our study,we compare the most recent input-output analysis multipliers <br />for Washington State to those for the State of Virginia and adopted the multipliers <br />shown in Table 8;note that they do not differ markedly from those used for the State of <br />Virginia.However,the multipliers for Kittitas County differ significantly from those for <br />the Lexington-Rockbridgelocation of the Virginia facility.This is because the Kittitas <br />area is far smaller (population of 36,600 versus 360,000),and accordingly has far fewer <br />economic linkages;many of the types of establishments in the Lexington-Rockbridge <br />location do not exist in Kittitas county,and will not exist within the time-scope of this <br />analysis. <br />38